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Fribourg / Freiburg canton (Switzerland)

image by António Martins

Description of the Flag
Symbolism of the Flag
History of the Flag
- Miscellaneous Pictures
Colour Flag
Flaggen, Knatterfahnen, and Livery Colours
Early 20th Century Flag Design
Logo
Cockade

See also:

Switzerland
Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
PER FESS in Dictionary of Vexillology
Das Wappen von Freiburg (by Felix Hauptmann, 1897, German)
Les armes de Fribourg en Uechtland (by Max de Diesbach, 1903, French)
Armoiries des terres et bailliages de la république et canton de Fribourg (by Frédéric-Théodore Dubois, 1937, French) part 1 part 2 part 3
Auf den Spuren der Fahnen Freiburgs i. Ü. (by Sabine Sille, ICV 15, 1993, German)
Sceaux, drapeaux et armoires de la ville et république de Fribourg en Nuithonie (1157–1798) (by Pierre Zwick, 2020, French)

Description of the Flag

Per fess sable and argent.
Divided horizontally into equal parts black over white.
T.F. Mills, 19 October 1997

There is no definite understanding of the symbolism of Fribourg's flag, but there are several theories. One, and certainly the most interesting legend, has it that Duke Berchtold IV of Zahringia (Zähringen), founder of the city, spent a night in a charcoal burner's hut after being separated from his hunting party. He slept on sacks of charcoal and flour, and emerged in the morning all soiled black and white. He was thus inspired to grant his new town a black and white flag. Another claims that the black represents the rich cultivated earth, while the white is the water surrounding the city (Sarine River). A third holds that black represents the clergy which was dominant there, as in their black vestments, representing piety, devotion, and self-denial.
T.F. Mills, 19 October 1997

The legend about the duke sleeping on bags of charcoal and flour is by far the most commonly advanced explanation, although it is most likely of mythological origin. The theory that it represents vestments of the clergy is the least probable since the domination of Catholic clergy has only started much later than the adoption of the flag by the city itself. It is a classic historical post-dating operation from the Kulturkampf-era when anti-Catholic sentiment was fierce in Switzerland's mainstream culture. The second hypothesis is the most colloquial, if you will. In other words: it may mean much or nothing at all – I have neither seen a reliable source for the first nor for the this suggestion. The "charcoal and flour" legend is however widely proposed by the historical literature as an anecdotal explanation for the Fribourg/Freiburg flag.
Bernhard Altermatt, 13 February 2008

History of the Flag

The city of Fribourg was founded in 1157. The battle flag may have been adopted as early as 1225, but the earliest documented evidence of it is in 1410 (Since the city-state was waging war in the early 13th century, it had to have a war flag). Until 1803 the city-state carried two shields, one identical to the flag, and the other featuring a white castle on a blue field. It is fairly certain the castle device never figured on a flag. Fribourg became a sovereign state in 1478, and was one of two admitted to the Swiss Confederation by the Covenant of Stans in 1481.
T.F. Mills, 19 October 1997

Miscellaneous Pictures

– Earliest depiction of the Fribourg flag in the Schwabenspiegel manuscript from 1410 (Detail: The mayor of Fribourg pays homage to the Duke of Austria) (source).
– Shooter flag, carried in the Burgundian Wars (1474–77) (b/w photo, source: [b7b42]).
– Julius Banner (1512), dedicated from pope Julius II to Fribourg for their assistance in reconquering the Lombardy in 1511. The Zwickelbild shows Christ carrying the cross, with Mary, Mary Magdalene, Veronica and John (source).
– Stained glass plate (1515) by Jakob Meyer, with two lions holding the arms of Fribourg and the Holy Roman Empire, and the imperial eagle as crest on the helmet, holding the imperial orb. A small scroll at the bottom shows the year MVXV. Location: church of Jegenstorf BE (source). See also stained glass pane (1515) by the same artist in the same church (source).
– Stained glass plate (ca. 1600), unknown artist, with two lions holding the pyramid of arms and the Julius Banner with the Passion scene. The lion on the right looks not very amused to the biblical scene of Samson (Shimshon) defeating the lion (Judges 14:5–6). The left upper corner shows likewise Samson, carrying away the gate of Gaza (Judges 16:3). The inscription "Die Statt Freiburg" (The city of Fribourg) reminds us that the black-white arms had been the emblem for the canton and the city for a long time. Fribourg's seal image (see also pictures there) became the official emblem of the city only in 1803, when the canton and the city were strictly separated legally. Location: Maison de Fégely, Fribourg (source).

Colour Flag

image by Ole Andersen/António Martins

Rectangular cantonal flag, as shown in Kannik (1956) [So-called colour flag (Farbenfahne in German)].
Ole Andersen, 4 August 2002

See also: STATE COLOURS in Dictionary of Vexillology

Flaggen, Knatterfahnen and Livery Colours

images by Pascal Gross

Flaggen are vertically hoisted from a crossbar in the manner of gonfanon, in ratio of about 2:9, with a swallowtail that indents about 2 units. The chief, or hoist (square part) usually incorporates the design from the coat of arms – not from the flag. The fly part is always divided lengthwise, usually in a bicolour, triband or tricolour pattern (except Schwyz which is monocolour, and Glarus which has four stripes of unequal width). The colours chosen for the fly end are usually the main colours of the coat of arms, but the choice is not always straight forward.

Knatterfahnen are similar to Flaggen, but hoisted from the long side and have no swallow tail. They normally show the national, cantonal or communal flag in their chiefs.

Željko Heimer, 16 July 2000

See also: HANGING FLAG, VERTICALLY HOISTED FLAG, LIVERY COLOURS in Dictionary of Vexillology

Early 20th Century Flag Design

images located by Martin Karner
(source) (source)

At the beginning of the 20th century, flamed flags were still in use, with the white cross replaced by a (baroque) shield in the centre of the flag. These decorative flags had been used until WWII and then somewhat forgotten in preference of the current cantonal flags. [Today they are being produced again, see right image]
Pascal Gross, 30 June 2002

See also:   • National flag and other cantonal flags with "Early 20th century flag design"
                 • Modern flamed flags
                 • FLAMMES in Dictionary of Vexillology